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老年人、儿童、孕产妇等重点人群如何选用中药防治新冠？******

　　光明网讯（记者 林佳欣）老年人、儿童、孕产妇等重点人群如何选用中药防治新冠病毒感染，有哪些需要注意的？今天（3日）下午，国务院联防联控机制召开新闻发布会，针对中医药医疗救治工作有关情况作介绍。广东省中医院院长张忠德针对这一问题作出回应。

　　老年人感染新冠病毒以后，如何选择中成药？张忠德表示，老年人的体质正气虚，各种机能下降，尤其是80岁以上老人，有基础病、慢性病的老人，正气虚、肾气虚、脾气虚。这类老人感染新冠病毒以后，分三个时期：早期症状轻微时，老人的用药前提是早期干预、全程干预。当他出现恶寒、头痛、发烧或者胃肠不好时，选药原则是阻断它向重症发展，这是首要原则。对主要症状要进行强烈的干预，如果老人的症状以发烧为主就用清热解毒的药物；如果症状以寒湿为主就使用驱寒解毒的药物；如果症状以湿邪为主，多表现为胃肠道症状的，就使用化湿解毒的药物；如果症状以气喘胸闷为主就使用宣肺解毒的药物。根据这三种不同的表现来选择“三药三方”，化湿败毒、宣肺败毒、清肺败毒，这是很好的阻断老年人向重症发展的药物。更主要的是，老年患者的本质就是虚症，所以在这个过程中，一定要注意全程扶正。那么，老年人怎么扶正呢？张忠德表示，补气为先，用西洋参、太子参，出汗多的温阳，西北地区多燥邪，就滋阴治疗，每个地方都有沙参、麦冬。知道怎么去选，知道是为什么，就可以阻断。如果没有清肺排毒汤怎么办？还有“三药三方”，还有国家中医药管理局推出来的一些中成药。一旦出现高热不退、胸闷不舒服等症状，应该尽快去专业的医院，让专业的医生处理。

　　张忠德表示，儿童目前治疗的可选药物不多，但是中医药在儿科方面，尤其是在外感性疾病方面有优势。儿童的体质是骄阳，比较娇气。比如这一波疫情中，广东高烧的患儿较多，中医药的治疗效果非常好，我们用麻杏石甘汤和银翘散组成健儿解毒方，大多数患者可以在24小时、36小时内把体温降下来，留下一点咳嗽，很快就能康复了。但是由于儿童病情进展非常快，如果持续高烧，并且出现一些抽搐、惊厥等情况，要尽快去医院。儿童的病情有来得快、去得快的特点，所以要关注好患儿体温的情况。

　　中医药在这几千年来治疗孕妇的过程中，都是用中医药，因为中医药里面对于孕妇或者胎儿有影响的药物已经列得很清楚，所以我们在治疗孕妇的高危症状时，针对高烧、剧烈咳嗽、便秘这三个主要症状，中医药的效果非常好，我们就选用中医药药典里面记载的，对孕妇、胎儿没有影响的药物，现在也在广泛使用，有很好的效果。如果出现高烧持续不退或者出现并发症，一定要去医院诊治。另外，孕妇服用这些中药，要在医生指导下服用，会取得很好的效果。

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）